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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">Les lois du Lachone Hara</h1>
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<span class="article-header__byline" data-kid="12503" data-author-bio="Citron, Aryeh"><a title="Browse more articles by Citron, Aryeh" href="/search/keyword_cdo/kid/12503/jewish/Citron-Aryeh.htm">par Aryeh Citron</a></span>
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<p>Lorsque <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33966">Miriam</span> parla négativement de son frère Moïse, elle fut réprimandée par D.ieu et fut punie de l’affection cutanée de <i>tsaraat</i>. Grâce aux prières de Moïse, elle guérit rapidement, mais dut cependant rester à l’extérieur du camp sept jours durant.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('1a2602935');" name="footnoteRef1a2602935">1</a> <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34821">Aaron</span>, qui avait écouté ses paroles négatives sans protester, fut également puni, bien que pas aussi sévèrement.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('2a2602935');" name="footnoteRef2a2602935">2</a></p>
<p>Malheureusement, les espions qui furent envoyés en Israël peu après ne tirèrent pas de leçon de cette histoire et parlèrent eux aussi en mal, au sujet de ​​la terre d’Israël. Le résultat en fut que les Israélites de cette génération moururent tous dans le désert.</p>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">Les armées idolâtres du roi Achab gagnaient leurs batailles car elles n’avaient pas le péché de <i>lachone hara</i></span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span>
<p>De fait, le <i>lachone hara</i>, c’est-à-dire la médisance, est un péché qui fut la cause de nombreuses tragédies pour le peuple juif et pour le monde entier, et ce, depuis le début de l’histoire.</p>
<p>Quelques exemples :</p>
<ul>
<li>Le Midrache raconte que le serpent calomnia D.ieu auprès d’Ève pour la convaincre de manger de l’Arbre de la Connaissance.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('3a2602935');" name="footnoteRef3a2602935">3</a></li>
<li><span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33675">Joseph</span> parla négativement de ses frères à son père <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34788">Jacob</span>, les amenant à le détester. Cela conduisit à ce qu’ils le vendent, ce qui, à terme, entraîna l’exil en Égypte.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('4a2602935');" name="footnoteRef4a2602935">4</a></li>
<li>Au début, Moïse se demandait en quoi les Juifs avaient mérité un esclavage aussi difficile en Égypte. Quand il entendit qu’il y avait parmi des délateurs, il dit qu’il comprenait alors pourquoi ils méritaient ce sort.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('5a2602935');" name="footnoteRef5a2602935">5</a></li>
<li>La calomnie de <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="36478">Doeg</span>, berger en chef du roi Saül et chef du Sanhédrine, entraîna le massacre de près d’une ville entière de <i><span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33094">kohanim</span></i>.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('6a2602935');" name="footnoteRef6a2602935">6</a> Et les armées du roi Saül perdirent leurs batailles contre les Philistins suite aux calomnies proférées contre le (futur) roi <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35331">David</span>.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('7a2602935');" name="footnoteRef7a2602935">7</a><br>
(En revanche, Les armées du tristement célèbre roi Achab gagnaient leurs batailles, bien qu’elles fussent idolâtres, du fait qu’elles n’avaient pas le péché de <i>lachone hara</i> .<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('8a2602935');" name="footnoteRef8a2602935">8</a> )</li>
<li>Selon le <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33943">Talmud</span>, c’est la calomnie de Juifs par des Juifs qui entraîna la destruction du Second <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34471">Temple</span>.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('9a2602935');" name="footnoteRef9a2602935">9</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Les lois de <i>lachone hara</i> sont <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35834">trop</span> volumineuses pour être toutes traitées dans un article. Le rabbin Israël Meir Hakohen de Radin écrivit un livre entier sur le sujet dont le titre est <i>‘Hafets ‘Haïm</i> (et c’est également ainsi que son auteur est populairement désigné : « le ‘Hafets ‘Haïm »). Ce nom est inspiré par le verset des Psaumes : « Quiconque désire la vie (<i>‘hafets ‘haïm</i>)... garde ta langue du mal... »<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('10a2602935');" name="footnoteRef10a2602935">10</a></p>
<p>Voici toutefois un bref aperçu de quelques-unes de ces lois, pour la plupart extraites du ‘Hafets ‘Haïm :</p>
<ol>
<li><i>Lachone hara</i> signifie littéralement « mauvaises paroles ». Cela signifie qu’il est interdit de parler négativement d’autrui, même si ce que l’on dit est vrai.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('11a2602935');" name="footnoteRef11a2602935">11</a></li>
<li>Il est également interdit de répéter quoi que ce soit au sujet d’autrui, même si ce n’est pas quelque chose de négatif. Ceci est appelé <i>rekhilout</i>, colporter.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('12a2602935');" name="footnoteRef12a2602935">12</a></li>
<li>Il est également interdit d’écouter du <i>lachone hara</i>. Il faut réprimander celui qui parle ou, si ce n’est pas possible, s’extraire de cette situation.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('13a2602935');" name="footnoteRef13a2602935">13</a></li>
<li>Même lorsque l’on a effectivement entendu du <i>lachone hara</i>, il est interdit d’y prêter foi. Au contraire, il faut toujours juger son prochain favorablement.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('14a2602935');" name="footnoteRef14a2602935">14</a></li>
<li>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">Si l’on a entendu du <i>lachone hara</i>, il est interdit d’y croire</span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span>
On peut toutefois soupçonner que le <i>lachone hara</i> est vrai, et prendre les précautions nécessaires pour se protéger.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('15a2602935');" name="footnoteRef15a2602935">15</a></li>
<li>Il est interdit de faire ne serait-ce qu’un geste qui soit péjoratif ou désobligeant envers quelqu’un.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('16a2602935');" name="footnoteRef16a2602935">16</a></li>
<li>On ne peut pas même raconter un événement négatif sans mentionner de noms, si ceux qui entendent peuvent deviner à propos de qui on parle.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('17a2602935');" name="footnoteRef17a2602935">17</a></li>
<li>Dans certains cas, tel que pour protéger quelqu’un d’un préjudice, il est permis et même obligatoire de divulguer des informations négatives. Comme il y a beaucoup de détails à cette loi, on doit toujours consulter un rabbin compétent pour savoir ce qui peut être divulgué, chaque situation étant particulière.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('18a2602935');" name="footnoteRef18a2602935">18</a></li>
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<div id="footnoteTR1a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote1a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef1a2602935">1.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Voir Nombres ch. 12. Les commentaires des versets 1-2 traitent de ce qu’elle a dit.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR2a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote2a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef2a2602935">2.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Voir Rachi au verset 9 et Rabbénou Be’hayé au verset 1.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR3a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote3a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef3a2602935">3.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Voir Béréchit Rabba 19:4 sur les allégations calomnieuses du serpent.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR4a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote4a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef4a2602935">4.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Voir Genèse, ch. 37 et Béréchit Rabba 84:7.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR5a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote5a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef5a2602935">5.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Voir Exode 2,14 et Rachi sur ce verset.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR6a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote6a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef6a2602935">6.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Voir Samuel I 22,9 et suivants.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR7a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote7a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef7a2602935">7.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Midrache Sho’har Tov 7:8.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR8a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote8a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef8a2602935">8.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Ibid.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnoteTR9a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote9a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef9a2602935">9.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Talmud Guittin 55b-56a.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR10a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote10a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef10a2602935">10.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Psaumes 34,12-13.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR11a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote11a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef11a2602935">11.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Voir Choul’hane Aroukh Harav, Ora’h ‘Haïm 156:10.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR12a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote12a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef12a2602935">12.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Voir Lévitique 19,16, et Michné Torah, Hilkhot Déot, chapitre 7.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR13a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote13a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef13a2602935">13.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>‘Hafets ‘Haïm 6:2, basé sur le Talmud, Ketoubot 5a et d’autres sources.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR14a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote14a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef14a2602935">14.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Ibid. basée sur le Talmud, Pessa’him 118a et le commentaire de Rashbam ibid. s.v. <i>Hamekabel</i>.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR15a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote15a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef15a2602935">15.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Talmud, <a href="/torah-texts/5465650/Talmud/Niddah/Chapter-9/61a" data-book-id="17216-5465650" title="Niddah 61a" target="_blank">Niddah 61a</a>. Voir Jérémie ch. 41 où il est raconté comment Guedalia ne croyait pas du tout le <i>lachone hara</i> et permis ainsi l’accès de son palais à ses adversaires qui l’assassinèrent de même que la plupart de ses hommes.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR16a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote16a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef16a2602935">16.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Dans les paroles du roi Salomon : “Un homme sans scrupules, un homme de violence, il avance avec une bouche tordue ; il cligne des yeux, frappe des pieds, fait des signes avec ses doigts. La contradiction est dans son cœur ; il complote le mal en tout temps ; il provoque les querelles” (Proverbes 6,12-15).</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR17a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote17a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef17a2602935">17.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>‘Hafets ‘Haïm 3:4.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR18a2602935" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote18a2602935" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef18a2602935">18.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Voir ‘Hafets ‘Haïm ch. 10.</p>
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<div class="credit_text_item">Le Rav Aryeh Citron fut étudiant des yeshivas ‘Habad à Los Angeles, à New York, en Israël et en Australie. Il fut Roch Kollel de The Shul of Bal Harbour, en Floride, et enseigne actuellement le Talmud, le ‘Hassidisme, l’histoire juive et la loi juive contemporaine à Surfside, en Floride.</div>
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<span class="reader-name small_right_padding">Anonymous</span>
<span class="reader-location small_right_padding">paris</span>
<span class="comment-date" title="Thursday, June 4, 2015 3:01:00 AM">June 4, 2015</span>
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Petite correction, le Talmud relate que la destruction du second temple est dû à la sin-at hinam (haine gratuite) et non au lashon ara. La sin-at hinam est ce qui freine l'arrivée du mashiah.
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<ul class="small_links" id="allParshasList" style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:7px;"><li style="font-weight:bold;background:none;padding-top:4px;margin-top:0;">BOOK OF BERESHIT</li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=7781">Bereshit</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=9168">Noach</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=9169">Lech Lecha</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=9170">Vayera</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=9171">Chayei Sarah</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=9172">Toldot</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=9173">Vayetze</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15554">Vayishlach</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15555">Vayeshev</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15556">Miketz</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15557">Vayigash</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15558">Vayechi</a></li><li style="font-weight:bold;background:none;padding-top:4px;">BOOK OF SHEMOT</li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15559">Shemot</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15560">Va'era</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15561">Bo</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15562">Beshalach</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15563">Yitro</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15564">Mishpatim</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15565">Terumah</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15566">Tetzaveh</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15567">Ki Tisa</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15568">Vayakhel</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15570">Pekudei</a></li><li style="font-weight:bold;background:none;padding-top:4px;">BOOK OF VAYIKRAH</li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15574">Vayikra</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15575">Tzav</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15576">Shemini</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15577">Tazria</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15579">Metzora</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15580">Acharei Mot</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15582">Kedoshim</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15583">Emor</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15584">Behar</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15586">Bechukotai</a></li><li style="font-weight:bold;background:none;padding-top:4px;">BOOK OF BAMIDBAR</li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36466">Bamidbar</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=39589">Naso</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36744">Behaalotecha</a></li><li class="bold selected"><a href="/article.aspx?aid=45586">Shelach</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=45591">Korach</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=45612">Chukat</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=45614">Balak</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=45615">Pinchas</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=52598">Matot</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=52600">Masei</a></li><li style="font-weight:bold;background:none;padding-top:4px;">BOOK OF DEVARIM</li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36232">Devarim</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36233">Va'etchanan</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36234">Eikev</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36235">Re'eh</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36236">Shoftim</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36237">Ki Teitzei</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36238">Ki Tavo</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36239">Nitzavim</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36240">Vayelech</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36241">Haazinu</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=36242">V'Zot HaBerachah</a></li><li style="font-weight:bold;background:none;padding-top:4px;">DOUBLE READINGS</li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15569">Vayakhel-Pekudei</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15578">Tazria-Metzora</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15581">Acharei-Kedoshim</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=15585">Behar-Bechukotai</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=45613">Chukat-Balak</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=52599">Matot-Masei</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=53151">Nitzavim-Vayelech</a></li><li style="font-weight:bold;background:none;padding-top:4px;">HOLIDAY READINGS</li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=58805">Rosh Hashanah</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=58806">Yom Kippur</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=137613">Sukkot</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=137614">Shemini Atzeret</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=1255474">Simchat Torah</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=137616">Chanukah</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=137610">Purim</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=39991">Passover</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=45169">Shavuot</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=70398">Shekalim</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=70399">Zachor</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=70400">Parah</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=70401">Hachodesh</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=137615">Rosh Chodesh</a></li><li><a href="/article.aspx?aid=4205126">Fast Days</a></li></ul>
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	Co.DomEvents.AddListener(window, 'domload', function() {
		var showLangLayer = document.getElementById('show_lang_layer');
		if (showLangLayer)
		{
			Co.DomEvents.AddListener(showLangLayer, 'click', function() {
				showLangDialog();				
			});
		}
	});
</script><script>
$j(showLangDialog);
</script>

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</body>
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